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Audio file types: what are they, and what is the divergence?

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If y'all're looking to employ, copy, or edit audio files y'all should be aware of the various types, and the differences between them. While most of the best audio editing software packages will allow y'all to work with nearly common file types, it's of import to be aware of which ones perform all-time under specific circumstances. Some are superior for listening and copying, whereas others play nicely with video and are easier to work with in terms of mixing and editing.

If your chosen sound file type is in the wrong format for your needs, you tin e'er get hold of i of the best audio converter software programs and arrange it. Some are complimentary, and nearly are easy to use, and so information technology doesn't take much to get your audio files exactly as yous need them. Below are the most mutual audio file types, what each one means, and what the main differences are betwixt them. If you're in any uncertainty about what type of file you're working with, the extension will tell you lot, and nosotros've included all common extension names with each entry.

The all-time home computers volition happily recognize all the following file types, and almost will play on all modern smartphones and tablets.

Waveform Audio (.wav)

Waveform Audio (.wav) is a common file format. Created past Microsoft and IBM, WAV was one of the first sound file types developed for the PC. WAV files are defined as lossless, meaning that files are big and complete; nothing has been lost. Professionally recorded CDs are as well a lossless audio source. In dissimilarity, the three audio formats listed beneath are lossy-redundant and non-auditory information is removed to allow for more compact storage; in essence, some data has been lost. This process of removing data to shrink the file size is called compression. The three file formats below must begin with a lossless format (such every bit a calculator WAV file) then shrink it. Well-nigh lossy formats boast fiddling or no detectable alter in audio quality. But considering each compressing format selects the deleteable data differently, converting one compressed file into some other lossy format will sometimes result in lower quality audio. Over again, always first with a WAV file, then compress.

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MPEG-i or 2 Sound Layer 3 (.mp3)

MPEG-ane or ii Audio Layer 3 (.mp3) is a mutual, compressed WAV file. MPEG-1 files are about 1-12th the size of WAV files. This is why MP3 players can accommodate hundreds of songs on a tiny chunk of storage infinite.

Windows Media Audio (.wma) was adult to compete with the MP3 format for Windows Media Player. Microsoft claims that the WMA files are compressed three times more than MP3s however retain their original audio quality.

Advanced Sound Coding (.aac)

This is the audio file format used by Apple for iTunes and Music, and it's designed to exist superior to regular mp3s. AAC compresses better than mp3, losing less audio quality than its older cousin. The master drawback is that AAC files take a little longer to encode than mp3, and then batch sound conversion takes a longer.

Ogg Vorbis (.ogg)

Ogg Vorbis (.ogg) is another compressed source code similar to MP3, but similar WMA, more than compressed. Ogg Vorbis is also open source (costless to all, unlicensed, no strings attached). While MP3 compresses information at a constant bit rate, Ogg uses a variable chip rate. To illustrate-if you are copying chunks of silence into MP3 format, the compression bit rate stays the same as if you were compressing the audio of an entire orchestra. But if you are copying chunks of silence into Ogg, your pinch rate volition drop to nothing. The charge per unit varies with the need.

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Other sound file types

• Musical Instrument Digital Interface (.midi) Instrument Digital Interface (.midi) is commonly used for figurer keyboards and other computer-based musical tools. MIDI files contain musical notes, rhythm note and other information often needed past a composer.
• Audio Interchange File (.aif, .aifc or .aiff.) Audio Interchange File (.aif, .aifc or .aiff.) was developed for the Mac computer to store audio files.
• Sun Audio (.au) Sun Audio (.au) or Audio/Bones was developed by Sun Microsystems for use on UNIX systems.
• Emblaze Audio (.ea) Emblaze Audio (.ea) was created by Geo and offers compression similar to MP3 formats, but its purpose is to exist played with a Java applet-a miniature Internet program. Online greeting cards often apply Java applet programs for motion and .ea audio files to play music.

• For more sound content, check our guide to the best audiobook services
• For more editing content, here'due south our guide to the best video editing software

Ian has been a journalist for 20 years. He's written for magazines and websites on subjects such as video games, applied science, PC hardware, popular (and unpopular) science, gardening and astronomy. In his spare time he has a pet tortoise and grows his own vegetables. He also has a passion for cameras and photography, and has written for TTR on these subjects.

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